Library Genesis (LibGen) is a large-scale online 'shadow library' project providing file-sharing access to millions of digital items, including scholarly journal articles, academic textbooks, general-interest books, comics, and magazines. The site enables free user access, via searchable databases and aggregated links, to content that is often otherwise behind paywalls or not readily available through conventional library channels. LibGen sources its content both by collecting items from various public online sources and through files uploaded directly by users.

The international chess body FIDE (Fédération Internationale des Échecs) awards titles for outstanding performance, the highest such title being Grandmaster (GM), followed by International Master (IM), FIDE Master (FM), and Candidate Master (CM). These titles are called "open titles" as they are available to all players. In addition, FIDE awards "women's titles" exclusively to female players, the highest such title being Woman Grandmaster (WGM), followed by WIM, WFM, and WCM. The requirements for women's titles are about 200 rating points lower than the requirements for the similarly named open titles. Many strong female players hold both open and women's titles, while some female players elect not to take women's titles.

'Sperm Racing' events, first planned for Los Angeles in April 2025, involve the microscopic observation of donated sperm samples moving along specialized microfluidic tracks designed to simulate biological conditions. These events are structured as public spectacles featuring live viewing feeds via high-resolution cameras, real-time commentary, and sometimes wagering, presented similarly to a competitive sporting event. The primary stated purpose by the event organizers is to generate public awareness and discussion around male fertility health and sperm motility.

Game Freak Inc. is a Japanese video game developer, best known as the primary developer of the Pokémon series. The games are widely enjoyed by casual players, whose main focus is adventuring through a fictional region, catching and raising Pokémon, and ultimately defeating in-game NPC opponents to become the regional Pokémon League champion. For most players, this experience is about enjoying the world, characters, and creatures—rather than competing against other real-life players. However, a small portion of the player base participates in the competitive "Pokémon VGC (Video Game Championships)" scene, which features structured, esports-style tournaments using standardized Double Battle rules. To accommodate both play styles, each new generation of the games introduces new Pokémon and new mechanics—such as Mega Evolution, Z-moves, Gigantamax, or Terastallization. These mechanics often aim to be visually exciting and fun for casual players, but not all of them are equally suited to competitive balance.

"Myeol-gong" (멸공, 滅共), which literally translates to "Eradicate Communism" or "Destroy Communism", was a prominent anti-communist slogan in South Korea, gaining significance particularly during the Cold War era following the Korean War and under subsequent military governments in the mid-to-late 20th century. Historically, it was strongly associated with the prevailing anti-communist political ideology and opposition to North Korea.

"Ruling Party Judgment(정권심판)" is a term prominent in South Korean politics, used to frame or describe major elections as an opportunity to deliver a collective judgment, often punitively, on the performance and conduct of the current ruling party or president.

Polymarket is a decentralized, crypto-based prediction market where users bet on the outcomes of real-world events. On the platform, individuals can create or participate in markets by buying and selling shares tied to specific future outcomes across a wide range of topics, such as political elections (e.g., who will win an election), economic indicators (e.g., inflation rates), current affairs (e.g., specific geopolitical events occurring by a certain date), or even cultural trends. Share prices, typically ranging from $0 to $1, fluctuate based on trading activity and are intended to reflect the market's aggregated probability of that particular outcome occurring. Once an event takes place and its outcome is verified, participants who correctly predicted the outcome receive a payout.

Zero-commission stock trading platforms (e.g. Robinhood, Webull, Toss Bank) allow users to buy and sell stocks without paying traditional brokerage fees. Instead of charging users directly, many of these platforms earn revenue through a practice called Payment for Order Flow (PFOF), in which they route customer orders to third-party market makers in exchange for compensation. Users may end up receiving less favorable execution prices compared to traditional brokers, meaning they could effectively pay more for each trade despite the lack of upfront fees.

Interview Coder is an AI-powered tool created by now-expelled Columbia University student Roy Lee to help candidates during technical coding interviews, especially those using LeetCode-style questions. The tool runs invisibly on a user’s computer, capturing screenshots of coding problems and using AI (such as ChatGPT) to generate solutions with step-by-step explanations.

State A is a mid-sized, highly developed democratic country deeply reliant on digital infrastructure. State B is a neighboring authoritarian regime with minimal digital infrastructure of its own, limiting vulnerability to counter-cyberattacks. State B has launched a major cyberattack crippling significant parts of State A's essential services.

"Gnostic theism" refers to the belief in the existence of God (or gods) coupled with a claim to possess certain knowledge or direct understanding of God's existence and attributes, often based on revelation, sacred texts, or rational proofs. "Agnostic theism" refers to the belief in the existence of God (or gods) while maintaining that the ultimate basis or full nature of this divine existence is unknown or inherently unknowable by human reason alone, emphasizing faith and intellectual humility regarding divine matters.

Interview Coder is an AI-powered tool created by now-expelled Columbia University student Roy Lee to help candidates during technical coding interviews, especially those using LeetCode-style questions. The tool runs invisibly on a user’s computer, capturing screenshots of coding problems and using AI (such as ChatGPT) to generate solutions with step-by-step explanations.

An individual (the Creator) successfully brings into existence a unique, intelligent, and sentient being (the Creature) through artificial means. Due to its unnatural origins and distinct appearance, the Creature is met with universal fear and revulsion from society, leading to profound isolation and suffering. Driven by this anguish and rejection, the Creature commits acts of violence against the society and the loved ones of the Creator. The Creature then confronts its Creator, demanding that a companion of its own kind be made, promising that if this is done, they will both retreat from human society and cause no further harm.